OREAS 48

OREAS 48 is derived from glacial till collected in the Rainy River District of western Ontario. This till, predominantly of Late Wisconsinan age, is typically classified as an unsorted diamicton. Its composition reflects both the local Precambrian Shield bedrock including granitoid rocks, metavolcanics, and metasedimentary rocks, and Paleozoic sedimentary formations. The material contains a mix of felsic to mafic lithologies with mineral constituents such as quartz, feldspar, amphibole, and biotite, along with occasional sulphide minerals. The till’s combined local and long-range glacial provenance makes it a reliable matrix for geochemical exploration, particularly for QAQC applications targeting background concentrations of gold, PGE, REE, lithium, and base metals.

Twenty commercial analytical laboratories participated in the program to certify the elements reported below:

  • Gold by 15-50g fire assay with ICP-OES, ICP-MS or AAS finish
  • Gold by aqua regia digestion (10-50g sample weight) with ICP-OES, ICP-MS or AAS finish
  • Lithium borate fusion or sodium peroxide fusion for full ICP-OES and ICP-MS elemental suites
  • Full ICP-OES and ICP-MS elemental suites by 4-acid (HNO3-HF-HClO4-HCl) digestion
  • Full ICP-OES and ICP-MS elemental suites by aqua regia digestion

To confirm homogeneity, the repeatability of trace elements was evaluated using fused bead laser ablation with ICP-MS.

Analyte Certified Value 1SD Expanded Uncertainty Low Expanded Uncertainty High Method
Au, Gold (ppb) 3.0 1.40 1.6 4.3 Pb Fire Assay
Au, Gold (ppb) 2.5 0.59 1.5 3.6 Aqua Regia Digestion (sample weights 10-50g)
Ag, Silver (ppm) < 5.00 IND IND IND Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Al, Aluminium (wt.%) 8.02 0.193 7.83 8.22 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
As, Arsenic (ppm) < 4.00 IND IND IND Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Ba, Barium (ppm) 431 17 413 449 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Be, Beryllium (ppm) 0.93 0.21 0.68 1.17 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Ca, Calcium (wt.%) 3.79 0.105 3.68 3.90 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Ce, Cerium (ppm) 35.4 2.41 32.8 37.9 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Co, Cobalt (ppm) 20.0 1.65 18.1 21.9 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Cr, Chromium (ppm) 78 7.4 68 88 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Cs, Caesium (ppm) 1.17 0.15 0.99 1.35 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Cu, Copper (ppm) 41.0 3.45 35.8 46.2 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Dy, Dysprosium (ppm) 1.95 0.115 1.81 2.10 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Er, Erbium (ppm) 1.11 0.060 1.01 1.21 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Eu, Europium (ppm) 0.87 0.045 0.80 0.94 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Fe, Iron (wt.%) 4.29 0.101 4.17 4.41 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Ga, Gallium (ppm) 20.6 1.07 19.4 21.9 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Gd, Gadolinium (ppm) 2.48 0.177 2.20 2.77 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Ge, Germanium (ppm) 1.17 0.22 0.96 1.37 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Ho, Holmium (ppm) 0.38 0.023 0.34 0.41 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
In, Indium (ppm) < 0.30 IND IND IND Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
K, Potassium (wt.%) 1.18 0.047 1.14 1.23 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
La, Lanthanum (ppm) 16.9 1.59 15.4 18.3 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Li, Lithium (ppm) 19.8 1.56 17.6 22.0 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Lu, Lutetium (ppm) 0.15 0.02 0.14 0.17 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Mg, Magnesium (wt.%) 1.72 0.044 1.68 1.76 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Mn, Manganese (wt.%) 0.069 0.002 0.066 0.072 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Nb, Niobium (ppm) 3.18 0.51 2.66 3.71 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Nd, Neodymium (ppm) 16.8 1.38 15.5 18.0 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Ni, Nickel (ppm) 41.3 5.4 32.7 49.9 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
P, Phosphorus (wt.%) 0.054 0.004 0.050 0.058 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Pb, Lead (ppm) 5.99 1.61 3.81 8.17 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Pr, Praseodymium (ppm) 4.29 0.266 3.97 4.62 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Rb, Rubidium (ppm) 36.6 2.19 34.0 39.2 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Re, Rhenium (ppm) < 0.010 IND IND IND Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
S, Sulphur (wt.%) 0.047 0.007 0.041 0.053 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Sc, Scandium (ppm) 14.5 0.87 13.4 15.6 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Si, Silicon (wt.%) 29.55 0.345 29.01 30.08 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Sm, Samarium (ppm) 2.97 0.234 2.62 3.33 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Sr, Strontium (ppm) 464 21 440 488 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Tb, Terbium (ppm) 0.35 0.022 0.31 0.39 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Te, Tellurium (ppm) < 0.50 IND IND IND Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Th, Thorium (ppm) 2.46 0.105 2.24 2.67 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Ti, Titanium (wt.%) 0.324 0.009 0.312 0.337 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Tl, Thallium (ppm) 0.19 0.02 0.15 0.22 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Tm, Thulium (ppm) 0.16 0.02 0.13 0.18 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
U, Uranium (ppm) 0.53 0.06 0.44 0.63 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
V, Vanadium (ppm) 115 6 108 121 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
W, Tungsten (ppm) 0.78 0.22 0.40 1.17 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Y, Yttrium (ppm) 10.5 0.96 9.7 11.4 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Yb, Ytterbium (ppm) 1.03 0.11 0.89 1.17 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Zn, Zinc (ppm) 64 7 57 71 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Zr, Zirconium (ppm) 95 8.6 84 106 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Ag, Silver (ppm) 0.070 0.014 0.056 0.083 4-Acid Digestion
Al, Aluminium (wt.%) 7.75 0.228 7.53 7.98 4-Acid Digestion
As, Arsenic (ppm) 0.97 0.17 0.71 1.23 4-Acid Digestion
Ba, Barium (ppm) 423 17 411 435 4-Acid Digestion
Be, Beryllium (ppm) 0.75 0.041 0.72 0.79 4-Acid Digestion
Bi, Bismuth (ppm) 0.12 0.011 0.10 0.13 4-Acid Digestion
Ca, Calcium (wt.%) 3.64 0.107 3.55 3.73 4-Acid Digestion
Cd, Cadmium (ppm) 0.053 0.008 0.042 0.065 4-Acid Digestion
Ce, Cerium (ppm) 33.2 2.52 31.1 35.3 4-Acid Digestion
Co, Cobalt (ppm) 19.4 0.66 18.7 20.1 4-Acid Digestion
Cr, Chromium (ppm) 62 8 57 67 4-Acid Digestion
Cs, Caesium (ppm) 1.16 0.061 1.09 1.23 4-Acid Digestion
Cu, Copper (ppm) 40.0 1.34 38.2 41.8 4-Acid Digestion
Dy, Dysprosium (ppm) 1.90 0.106 1.79 2.00 4-Acid Digestion
Er, Erbium (ppm) 1.06 0.063 0.99 1.12 4-Acid Digestion
Eu, Europium (ppm) 0.84 0.030 0.79 0.90 4-Acid Digestion
Fe, Iron (wt.%) 4.20 0.123 4.09 4.31 4-Acid Digestion
Ga, Gallium (ppm) 19.3 0.84 18.5 20.1 4-Acid Digestion
Gd, Gadolinium (ppm) 2.37 0.194 2.21 2.53 4-Acid Digestion
Hf, Hafnium (ppm) 1.52 0.081 1.41 1.64 4-Acid Digestion
Ho, Holmium (ppm) 0.36 0.030 0.33 0.39 4-Acid Digestion
In, Indium (ppm) 0.032 0.003 0.026 0.038 4-Acid Digestion
K, Potassium (wt.%) 1.16 0.031 1.13 1.19 4-Acid Digestion
La, Lanthanum (ppm) 15.8 1.02 14.7 17.0 4-Acid Digestion
Li, Lithium (ppm) 19.7 1.24 18.8 20.6 4-Acid Digestion
Lu, Lutetium (ppm) 0.14 0.010 0.13 0.15 4-Acid Digestion
Mg, Magnesium (wt.%) 1.65 0.041 1.61 1.69 4-Acid Digestion
Mn, Manganese (wt.%) 0.067 0.002 0.065 0.069 4-Acid Digestion
Mo, Molybdenum (ppm) 0.81 0.057 0.70 0.93 4-Acid Digestion
Na, Sodium (wt.%) 3.04 0.081 2.96 3.12 4-Acid Digestion
Nb, Niobium (ppm) 3.05 0.122 2.90 3.20 4-Acid Digestion
Nd, Neodymium (ppm) 15.6 1.15 14.4 16.8 4-Acid Digestion
Ni, Nickel (ppm) 38.5 1.51 37.1 39.8 4-Acid Digestion
P, Phosphorus (wt.%) 0.053 0.003 0.051 0.055 4-Acid Digestion
Pb, Lead (ppm) 5.40 0.390 5.00 5.79 4-Acid Digestion
Pr, Praseodymium (ppm) 3.96 0.308 3.74 4.18 4-Acid Digestion
Rb, Rubidium (ppm) 33.7 3.11 31.5 35.9 4-Acid Digestion
S, Sulphur (wt.%) 0.050 0.000 0.049 0.051 4-Acid Digestion
Sb, Antimony (ppm) 0.10 0.02 0.08 0.12 4-Acid Digestion
Sc, Scandium (ppm) 14.9 0.60 14.3 15.5 4-Acid Digestion
Sm, Samarium (ppm) 2.85 0.178 2.66 3.04 4-Acid Digestion
Sn, Tin (ppm) 0.60 0.030 0.55 0.65 4-Acid Digestion
Sr, Strontium (ppm) 467 18 454 479 4-Acid Digestion
Ta, Tantalum (ppm) 0.21 0.03 0.19 0.23 4-Acid Digestion
Tb, Terbium (ppm) 0.33 0.014 0.31 0.35 4-Acid Digestion
Th, Thorium (ppm) 2.42 0.208 2.19 2.65 4-Acid Digestion
Ti, Titanium (wt.%) 0.318 0.009 0.309 0.328 4-Acid Digestion
Tl, Thallium (ppm) 0.18 0.015 0.17 0.20 4-Acid Digestion
Tm, Thulium (ppm) 0.15 0.009 0.13 0.16 4-Acid Digestion
U, Uranium (ppm) 0.48 0.034 0.45 0.52 4-Acid Digestion
V, Vanadium (ppm) 111 3 108 114 4-Acid Digestion
W, Tungsten (ppm) 0.60 0.059 0.53 0.68 4-Acid Digestion
Y, Yttrium (ppm) 10.1 0.43 9.6 10.7 4-Acid Digestion
Yb, Ytterbium (ppm) 0.94 0.075 0.87 1.02 4-Acid Digestion
Zn, Zinc (ppm) 60 3.2 57 62 4-Acid Digestion
Zr, Zirconium (ppm) 49.7 4.00 46.4 53.0 4-Acid Digestion
Ag, Silver (ppm) 0.057 0.006 0.049 0.065 Aqua Regia Digestion
Al, Aluminium (wt.%) 1.29 0.073 1.23 1.34 Aqua Regia Digestion
As, Arsenic (ppm) 0.85 0.14 0.67 1.04 Aqua Regia Digestion
B, Boron (ppm) < 10.0 IND IND IND Aqua Regia Digestion
Ba, Barium (ppm) 67 3.9 64 70 Aqua Regia Digestion
Be, Beryllium (ppm) 0.12 0.010 0.11 0.13 Aqua Regia Digestion
Bi, Bismuth (ppm) 0.066 0.007 0.055 0.078 Aqua Regia Digestion
Ca, Calcium (wt.%) 0.905 0.123 0.827 0.983 Aqua Regia Digestion
Cd, Cadmium (ppm) 0.029 0.004 0.023 0.035 Aqua Regia Digestion
Ce, Cerium (ppm) 26.8 1.89 25.3 28.2 Aqua Regia Digestion
Co, Cobalt (ppm) 11.8 0.37 11.3 12.2 Aqua Regia Digestion
Cr, Chromium (ppm) 36.8 1.98 35.1 38.5 Aqua Regia Digestion
Cs, Caesium (ppm) 0.73 0.061 0.68 0.78 Aqua Regia Digestion
Cu, Copper (ppm) 39.7 1.69 38.3 41.2 Aqua Regia Digestion
Dy, Dysprosium (ppm) 0.96 0.14 0.79 1.14 Aqua Regia Digestion
Eu, Europium (ppm) 0.43 0.08 0.33 0.53 Aqua Regia Digestion
Fe, Iron (wt.%) 2.10 0.22 1.96 2.23 Aqua Regia Digestion
Ga, Gallium (ppm) 4.48 0.375 4.21 4.76 Aqua Regia Digestion
Gd, Gadolinium (ppm) 1.47 0.19 1.20 1.74 Aqua Regia Digestion
Hf, Hafnium (ppm) 0.19 0.02 0.17 0.21 Aqua Regia Digestion
Ho, Holmium (ppm) 0.17 0.03 0.14 0.20 Aqua Regia Digestion
In, Indium (ppm) 0.009 0.003 0.007 0.012 Aqua Regia Digestion
K, Potassium (wt.%) 0.264 0.014 0.252 0.277 Aqua Regia Digestion
La, Lanthanum (ppm) 12.6 0.63 12.0 13.2 Aqua Regia Digestion
Li, Lithium (ppm) 14.9 0.89 14.3 15.6 Aqua Regia Digestion
Lu, Lutetium (ppm) 0.053 0.005 0.043 0.062 Aqua Regia Digestion
Mg, Magnesium (wt.%) 0.808 0.039 0.778 0.839 Aqua Regia Digestion
Mn, Manganese (wt.%) 0.030 0.001 0.029 0.031 Aqua Regia Digestion
Mo, Molybdenum (ppm) 0.72 0.067 0.61 0.82 Aqua Regia Digestion
Na, Sodium (wt.%) 0.095 0.006 0.088 0.102 Aqua Regia Digestion
Nb, Niobium (ppm) 0.16 0.04 0.12 0.20 Aqua Regia Digestion
Nd, Neodymium (ppm) 11.5 0.95 10.4 12.7 Aqua Regia Digestion
Ni, Nickel (ppm) 23.4 1.11 22.2 24.6 Aqua Regia Digestion
P, Phosphorus (wt.%) 0.051 0.002 0.049 0.053 Aqua Regia Digestion
Pb, Lead (ppm) 1.50 0.25 1.32 1.68 Aqua Regia Digestion
Pr, Praseodymium (ppm) 3.05 0.211 2.76 3.34 Aqua Regia Digestion
Rb, Rubidium (ppm) 13.4 0.64 12.8 14.1 Aqua Regia Digestion
Re, Rhenium (ppm) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 Aqua Regia Digestion
S, Sulphur (wt.%) 0.050 0.001 0.050 0.050 Aqua Regia Digestion
Sc, Scandium (ppm) 3.20 0.243 2.95 3.46 Aqua Regia Digestion
Sm, Samarium (ppm) 1.82 0.164 1.63 2.01 Aqua Regia Digestion
Sn, Tin (ppm) 0.25 0.04 0.21 0.29 Aqua Regia Digestion
Sr, Strontium (ppm) 45.4 5.6 41.3 49.4 Aqua Regia Digestion
Ta, Tantalum (ppm) < 0.010 IND IND IND Aqua Regia Digestion
Te, Tellurium (ppm) 0.020 0.007 0.014 0.026 Aqua Regia Digestion
Th, Thorium (ppm) 2.04 0.161 1.88 2.20 Aqua Regia Digestion
Ti, Titanium (wt.%) 0.133 0.019 0.120 0.145 Aqua Regia Digestion
Tl, Thallium (ppm) 0.094 0.009 0.082 0.106 Aqua Regia Digestion
U, Uranium (ppm) 0.25 0.020 0.23 0.28 Aqua Regia Digestion
V, Vanadium (ppm) 43.5 2.57 41.2 45.9 Aqua Regia Digestion
W, Tungsten (ppm) 0.19 0.03 0.15 0.22 Aqua Regia Digestion
Y, Yttrium (ppm) 4.17 0.57 3.79 4.55 Aqua Regia Digestion
Yb, Ytterbium (ppm) 0.38 0.04 0.32 0.45 Aqua Regia Digestion
Zn, Zinc (ppm) 40.6 2.15 38.7 42.4 Aqua Regia Digestion
Zr, Zirconium (ppm) 4.97 0.66 4.51 5.43 Aqua Regia Digestion
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