Specifications
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CRM State:
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Matrix:
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Mineralisation:
OREAS 470 is a certified reference material (CRM) produced from a blend of
clay-hosted rare earth element (REE) ores, siltstone, silica and kaolin. The
REE-bearing ores were sourced from the Jupiter deposit in the Laverton region of
Western Australia.
Mineralisation occurs within a deeply weathered regolith
developed over an underlying carbonatite–alkaline volcanic sequence. Supergene
processes have resulted in enrichment of total rare earth oxides (TREO),
including a significant proportion of magnet rare earth oxides (MREO), notably
neodymium and praseodymium, with subordinate dysprosium and terbium. The CRM
matrix is quartz-rich and comprises abundant mica–illite and kaolinite-group
clays, with additional smectite/vermiculite-type clay minerals. Minor iron
oxides (goethite and magnetite), traces of hematite and anatase are present as
accessory phases. Rare earth elements are interpreted to occur predominantly
within fine-grained secondary phases associated with the clay fraction.
Twenty-nine commercial analytical laboratories participated in the program to certify the elements reported below using the following methods:
Homogeneity was evaluated using 12 subsamples analysed by oxidising fusion with lithium borate fusion with ICP-MS finish. ANOVA was applied to duplicates from six test units to compare within- and between-unit variances, providing a statistical measure of batch homogeneity.
| Analyte | Certified Value | 1SD | Expanded Uncertainty Low | Expanded Uncertainty High | Method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al2O3, Aluminium(III) oxide (wt.%) | 13.88 | 0.311 | 13.54 | 14.21 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Ba, Barium (wt.%) | 0.101 | 0.004 | 0.097 | 0.104 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Be, Beryllium (ppm) | 2.00 | 0.068 | 1.86 | 2.13 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Bi, Bismuth (ppm) | 0.40 | 0.05 | 0.32 | 0.48 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| CaO, Calcium oxide (wt.%) | 0.220 | 0.025 | 0.200 | 0.241 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| CeO2, Cerium(IV) oxide (ppm) | 139 | 5 | 135 | 144 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Co, Cobalt (ppm) | 3.93 | 0.39 | 3.56 | 4.30 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Cr, Chromium (ppm) | 73 | 4.7 | 68 | 78 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Cs, Caesium (ppm) | 7.95 | 0.465 | 7.43 | 8.48 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Cu, Copper (ppm) | 21.1 | 2.1 | 18.3 | 23.9 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Dy2O3, Dysprosium(III) oxide (ppm) | 4.35 | 0.346 | 4.00 | 4.70 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Er2O3, Erbium(III) oxide (ppm) | 2.33 | 0.131 | 2.14 | 2.52 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Eu2O3, Europium(III) oxide (ppm) | 1.63 | 0.108 | 1.49 | 1.77 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Fe2O3, Iron(III) oxide (wt.%) | 3.90 | 0.134 | 3.82 | 3.98 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Ga, Gallium (ppm) | 18.2 | 0.98 | 16.9 | 19.4 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Gd2O3, Gadolinium(III) oxide (ppm) | 5.80 | 0.410 | 5.48 | 6.12 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Hf, Hafnium (ppm) | 6.95 | 0.454 | 6.47 | 7.43 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Ho2O3, Holmium(III) oxide (ppm) | 0.81 | 0.047 | 0.74 | 0.88 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| In, Indium (ppm) | < 0.10 | IND | IND | IND | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| K2O, Potassium oxide (wt.%) | 2.65 | 0.065 | 2.59 | 2.71 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| La2O3, Lanthanum(III) oxide (ppm) | 72 | 3.1 | 69 | 74 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Li, Lithium (ppm) | 19.3 | 0.83 | 18.1 | 20.4 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Lu2O3, Lutetium(III) oxide (ppm) | 0.34 | 0.027 | 0.30 | 0.39 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| MgO, Magnesium oxide (wt.%) | 0.645 | 0.022 | 0.621 | 0.670 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| MnO, Manganese oxide (wt.%) | 0.010 | 0.000 | 0.010 | 0.011 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Mo, Molybdenum (ppm) | 2.08 | 0.46 | 1.75 | 2.41 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Na2O, Sodium oxide (wt.%) | 0.478 | 0.017 | 0.459 | 0.498 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Nb, Niobium (ppm) | 11.3 | 0.97 | 10.3 | 12.3 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Nd2O3, Neodymium(III) oxide (ppm) | 51 | 2.3 | 49 | 53 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Ni, Nickel (ppm) | 18.5 | 3.0 | 14.0 | 23.1 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| P2O5, Phosphorus(V) oxide (wt.%) | 0.083 | 0.008 | 0.078 | 0.088 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Pb, Lead (ppm) | 27.6 | 2.48 | 25.0 | 30.3 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Pr6O11, Praseodymium(III,IV) oxide (ppm) | 15.5 | 0.56 | 14.9 | 16.1 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Rb, Rubidium (ppm) | 114 | 5 | 109 | 118 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Sb, Antimony (ppm) | 2.72 | 0.240 | 2.39 | 3.05 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Sc, Scandium (ppm) | 12.1 | 1.11 | 10.5 | 13.7 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| SiO2, Silicon dioxide (wt.%) | 72.38 | 0.837 | 71.13 | 73.63 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Sm2O3, Samarium(III) oxide (ppm) | 8.42 | 0.421 | 7.92 | 8.93 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Sn, Tin (ppm) | 3.06 | 0.37 | 2.59 | 3.54 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Sr, Strontium (ppm) | 142 | 4 | 138 | 146 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Ta, Tantalum (ppm) | 0.90 | 0.078 | 0.80 | 1.00 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Tb4O7, Terbium(III,IV) oxide (ppm) | 0.81 | 0.062 | 0.73 | 0.88 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Th, Thorium (ppm) | 20.3 | 0.92 | 19.4 | 21.2 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Ti, Titanium (wt.%) | 0.411 | 0.020 | 0.390 | 0.433 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Tl, Thallium (ppm) | 0.61 | 0.047 | 0.51 | 0.70 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Tm2O3, Thulium(III) oxide (ppm) | 0.34 | 0.025 | 0.30 | 0.38 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| TREO, Total Rare Earth Oxides (ppm) | 307 | 8 | 295 | 318 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| TREO+Y2O3, Total Rare Earth Oxides + Yttrium oxide (ppm) | 330 | 10 | 318 | 342 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| U, Uranium (ppm) | 2.58 | 0.139 | 2.42 | 2.75 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| V, Vanadium (ppm) | 82 | 6.0 | 77 | 87 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| W, Tungsten (ppm) | 4.18 | 0.46 | 3.60 | 4.75 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Y2O3, Yttrium(III) oxide (ppm) | 25.0 | 1.24 | 23.8 | 26.3 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Yb2O3, Ytterbium(III) oxide (ppm) | 2.28 | 0.111 | 2.13 | 2.44 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Zn, Zinc (ppm) | 59 | 5.5 | 55 | 63 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Zr, Zirconium (ppm) | 263 | 11 | 250 | 275 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Al2O3, Aluminium(III) oxide (wt.%) | 14.10 | 0.230 | 13.90 | 14.30 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| BaO, Barium oxide (wt.%) | 0.110 | 0.007 | 0.099 | 0.121 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| CaO, Calcium oxide (wt.%) | 0.207 | 0.010 | 0.196 | 0.219 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| CeO2, Cerium(IV) oxide (ppm) | 141 | 39 | 80 | 202 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Dy2O3, Dysprosium(III) oxide (ppm) | < 100 | IND | IND | IND | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Eu2O3, Europium(III) oxide (ppm) | < 100 | IND | IND | IND | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Fe2O3, Iron(III) oxide (wt.%) | 3.89 | 0.076 | 3.83 | 3.95 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Gd2O3, Gadolinium(III) oxide (ppm) | < 100 | IND | IND | IND | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Ho2O3, Holmium(III) oxide (ppm) | < 100 | IND | IND | IND | Borate Fusion XRF |
| K2O, Potassium oxide (wt.%) | 2.65 | 0.046 | 2.61 | 2.69 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| La2O3, Lanthanum(III) oxide (ppm) | 96 | 26 | 65 | 126 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Lu2O3, Lutetium(III) oxide (ppm) | < 100 | IND | IND | IND | Borate Fusion XRF |
| MgO, Magnesium oxide (wt.%) | 0.647 | 0.022 | 0.627 | 0.666 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| MnO, Manganese oxide (wt.%) | 0.010 | 0.001 | 0.007 | 0.012 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Na2O, Sodium oxide (wt.%) | 0.477 | 0.041 | 0.445 | 0.508 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| P2O5, Phosphorus(V) oxide (wt.%) | 0.080 | 0.009 | 0.069 | 0.091 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Pr6O11, Praseodymium(III,IV) oxide (ppm) | < 100 | IND | IND | IND | Borate Fusion XRF |
| SiO2, Silicon dioxide (wt.%) | 72.60 | 0.705 | 71.93 | 73.27 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Sm2O3, Samarium(III) oxide (ppm) | < 100 | IND | IND | IND | Borate Fusion XRF |
| SO3, Sulphur trioxide (wt.%) | 0.021 | 0.006 | 0.012 | 0.029 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Tb4O7, Terbium(III,IV) oxide (ppm) | < 100 | IND | IND | IND | Borate Fusion XRF |
| TiO2, Titanium dioxide (wt.%) | 0.692 | 0.025 | 0.673 | 0.711 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Tm2O3, Thulium(III) oxide (ppm) | < 100 | IND | IND | IND | Borate Fusion XRF |
| V2O5, Vanadium(V) oxide (ppm) | 131 | 25 | 95 | 166 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Yb2O3, Ytterbium(III) oxide (ppm) | < 100 | IND | IND | IND | Borate Fusion XRF |
| ZnO, Zinc oxide (ppm) | 84 | 17 | 61 | 107 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| ZrO2, Zirconium dioxide (ppm) | 321 | 49 | 241 | 402 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| LOI1000, Loss on ignition @1000 °C (wt.%) | 4.19 | 0.368 | 3.98 | 4.40 | Thermogravimetry |
| Al, Aluminium (wt.%) | 7.18 | 0.145 | 7.04 | 7.31 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| As, Arsenic (ppm) | 38.1 | 1.52 | 36.5 | 39.7 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Ba, Barium (wt.%) | 0.101 | 0.004 | 0.098 | 0.104 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Be, Beryllium (ppm) | 1.98 | 0.134 | 1.88 | 2.08 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Bi, Bismuth (ppm) | 0.37 | 0.021 | 0.35 | 0.39 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Ca, Calcium (wt.%) | 0.153 | 0.008 | 0.145 | 0.161 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Ce, Cerium (ppm) | 113 | 8 | 109 | 118 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Co, Cobalt (ppm) | 4.18 | 0.240 | 3.97 | 4.39 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Cr, Chromium (ppm) | 57 | 5.5 | 53 | 61 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Cs, Caesium (ppm) | 7.91 | 0.394 | 7.56 | 8.26 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Cu, Copper (ppm) | 21.2 | 0.80 | 20.3 | 22.1 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Dy, Dysprosium (ppm) | 3.09 | 0.269 | 2.91 | 3.26 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Er, Erbium (ppm) | 1.56 | 0.110 | 1.46 | 1.67 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Eu, Europium (ppm) | 1.37 | 0.101 | 1.30 | 1.44 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Fe, Iron (wt.%) | 2.67 | 0.082 | 2.61 | 2.74 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Ga, Gallium (ppm) | 18.1 | 0.84 | 17.4 | 18.9 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Gd, Gadolinium (ppm) | 4.71 | 0.403 | 4.45 | 4.97 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Hf, Hafnium (ppm) | 3.72 | 0.253 | 3.46 | 3.98 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Ho, Holmium (ppm) | 0.56 | 0.06 | 0.52 | 0.59 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| In, Indium (ppm) | 0.053 | 0.004 | 0.046 | 0.061 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| K, Potassium (wt.%) | 2.19 | 0.056 | 2.13 | 2.24 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| La, Lanthanum (ppm) | 61 | 3.5 | 59 | 64 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Li, Lithium (ppm) | 19.4 | 0.50 | 18.8 | 20.0 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Lu, Lutetium (ppm) | 0.24 | 0.022 | 0.22 | 0.26 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Mg, Magnesium (wt.%) | 0.368 | 0.016 | 0.356 | 0.380 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Mn, Manganese (wt.%) | 0.008 | 0.000 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Mo, Molybdenum (ppm) | 1.65 | 0.067 | 1.56 | 1.75 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Na, Sodium (wt.%) | 0.359 | 0.017 | 0.347 | 0.371 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Nb, Niobium (ppm) | 10.1 | 0.80 | 9.4 | 10.7 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Nd, Neodymium (ppm) | 44.1 | 3.02 | 42.0 | 46.2 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Ni, Nickel (ppm) | 20.0 | 0.91 | 19.2 | 20.7 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| P, Phosphorus (wt.%) | 0.036 | 0.001 | 0.035 | 0.038 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Pb, Lead (ppm) | 26.1 | 1.38 | 24.8 | 27.4 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Pr, Praseodymium (ppm) | 12.9 | 0.89 | 12.3 | 13.6 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Rb, Rubidium (ppm) | 115 | 5 | 110 | 119 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Re, Rhenium (ppm) | < 0.002 | IND | IND | IND | 4-Acid Digestion |
| S, Sulphur (wt.%) | 0.011 | 0.002 | 0.010 | 0.013 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Sb, Antimony (ppm) | 2.71 | 0.103 | 2.58 | 2.85 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Sc, Scandium (ppm) | 11.3 | 0.43 | 10.8 | 11.8 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Sm, Samarium (ppm) | 7.08 | 0.464 | 6.73 | 7.44 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Sn, Tin (ppm) | 2.97 | 0.159 | 2.80 | 3.13 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Sr, Strontium (ppm) | 140 | 5 | 135 | 144 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Ta, Tantalum (ppm) | 0.76 | 0.16 | 0.67 | 0.85 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Tb, Terbium (ppm) | 0.58 | 0.040 | 0.54 | 0.61 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Th, Thorium (ppm) | 21.2 | 1.20 | 20.4 | 22.0 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Ti, Titanium (wt.%) | 0.357 | 0.023 | 0.340 | 0.374 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Tl, Thallium (ppm) | 0.59 | 0.046 | 0.56 | 0.63 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Tm, Thulium (ppm) | 0.23 | 0.02 | 0.21 | 0.24 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| U, Uranium (ppm) | 2.41 | 0.154 | 2.29 | 2.53 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| V, Vanadium (ppm) | 79 | 3.2 | 76 | 81 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| W, Tungsten (ppm) | 3.66 | 0.275 | 3.41 | 3.90 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Y, Yttrium (ppm) | 14.4 | 1.6 | 13.4 | 15.4 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Yb, Ytterbium (ppm) | 1.51 | 0.115 | 1.41 | 1.61 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Zn, Zinc (ppm) | 57 | 1.9 | 55 | 59 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Zr, Zirconium (ppm) | 133 | 10 | 126 | 140 | 4-Acid Digestion |