Specifications
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CRM State:
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Matrix:
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Mineralisation:
OREAS 472 is a certified reference material (CRM) produced from a blend of
clay-hosted rare earth element (REE) ores, mudstone, silica and kaolin. The
REE-bearing ores were sourced from the Jupiter deposit in the Laverton region of
Western Australia.
Mineralisation occurs within a deeply weathered regolith
developed over an underlying carbonatite–alkaline volcanic sequence. Supergene
processes have resulted in enrichment of total rare earth oxides (TREO),
including a significant proportion of magnet rare earth oxides (MREO), notably
neodymium and praseodymium, with subordinate dysprosium and terbium. The CRM
matrix is quartz-rich and comprises abundant mica–illite and kaolinite-group
clays, with additional smectite/vermiculite-type clay minerals. Minor iron
oxides (goethite and magnetite), traces of hematite and anatase are present as
accessory phases. Rare earth elements are interpreted to occur predominantly
within fine-grained secondary phases associated with the clay fraction.
Twenty-nine commercial analytical laboratories participated in the program to certify the elements reported below using the following methods:
Homogeneity was evaluated using 12 subsamples analysed by oxidising fusion with lithium borate fusion with ICP-MS finish. ANOVA was applied to duplicates from six test units to compare within- and between-unit variances, providing a statistical measure of batch homogeneity.
| Analyte | Certified Value | 1SD | Expanded Uncertainty Low | Expanded Uncertainty High | Method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dy2O3, Dysprosium(III) oxide (ppm) | 8.15 | 0.456 | 7.72 | 8.58 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Nd2O3, Neodymium(III) oxide (ppm) | 144 | 5 | 138 | 149 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Pr6O11, Praseodymium(III,IV) oxide (ppm) | 41.6 | 1.67 | 40.1 | 43.1 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Tb4O7, Terbium(III,IV) oxide (ppm) | 1.66 | 0.101 | 1.55 | 1.77 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Al2O3, Aluminium(III) oxide (wt.%) | 17.60 | 0.585 | 17.01 | 18.19 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Ba, Barium (wt.%) | 0.360 | 0.012 | 0.351 | 0.368 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Be, Beryllium (ppm) | 2.17 | 0.41 | 1.91 | 2.43 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Bi, Bismuth (ppm) | 0.28 | 0.07 | 0.19 | 0.37 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| CaO, Calcium oxide (wt.%) | 1.86 | 0.063 | 1.81 | 1.90 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| CeO2, Cerium(IV) oxide (ppm) | 380 | 13 | 369 | 391 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Co, Cobalt (ppm) | 21.1 | 0.89 | 20.0 | 22.1 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Cr, Chromium (ppm) | 65 | 3.3 | 60 | 71 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Cs, Caesium (ppm) | 5.57 | 0.285 | 5.26 | 5.88 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Cu, Copper (ppm) | 48.6 | 9.2 | 41.0 | 56.2 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Er2O3, Erbium(III) oxide (ppm) | 3.76 | 0.166 | 3.52 | 4.00 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Eu2O3, Europium(III) oxide (ppm) | 4.61 | 0.272 | 4.38 | 4.85 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Fe2O3, Iron(III) oxide (wt.%) | 8.51 | 0.155 | 8.31 | 8.71 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Ga, Gallium (ppm) | 23.5 | 1.41 | 22.2 | 24.8 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Gd2O3, Gadolinium(III) oxide (ppm) | 13.9 | 0.82 | 13.0 | 14.8 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Hf, Hafnium (ppm) | 9.75 | 0.427 | 9.26 | 10.24 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Ho2O3, Holmium(III) oxide (ppm) | 1.42 | 0.082 | 1.32 | 1.51 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| In, Indium (ppm) | < 0.20 | IND | IND | IND | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| K2O, Potassium oxide (wt.%) | 3.56 | 0.091 | 3.47 | 3.65 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| La2O3, Lanthanum(III) oxide (ppm) | 177 | 6 | 171 | 184 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Li, Lithium (ppm) | 15.2 | 2.6 | 12.4 | 17.9 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Lu2O3, Lutetium(III) oxide (ppm) | 0.46 | 0.026 | 0.42 | 0.50 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| MgO, Magnesium oxide (wt.%) | 1.74 | 0.035 | 1.69 | 1.78 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| MnO, Manganese oxide (wt.%) | 0.070 | 0.001 | 0.068 | 0.071 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Mo, Molybdenum (ppm) | 2.44 | 0.47 | 2.10 | 2.78 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Na2O, Sodium oxide (wt.%) | 1.50 | 0.034 | 1.46 | 1.54 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Nb, Niobium (ppm) | 15.0 | 0.91 | 14.3 | 15.6 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Ni, Nickel (ppm) | 43.6 | 4.5 | 35.3 | 51.8 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| P2O5, Phosphorus(V) oxide (wt.%) | 0.558 | 0.022 | 0.532 | 0.584 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Pb, Lead (ppm) | 37.5 | 4.0 | 34.1 | 41.0 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Rb, Rubidium (ppm) | 122 | 5 | 116 | 127 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| S, Sulphur (wt.%) | 0.047 | 0.007 | 0.036 | 0.059 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Sc, Scandium (ppm) | 16.6 | 1.10 | 15.1 | 18.1 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| SiO2, Silicon dioxide (wt.%) | 57.49 | 0.840 | 56.33 | 58.65 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Sm2O3, Samarium(III) oxide (ppm) | 21.4 | 0.95 | 20.1 | 22.8 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Sn, Tin (ppm) | 3.50 | 0.50 | 2.75 | 4.25 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Sr, Strontium (ppm) | 692 | 23 | 676 | 709 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Ta, Tantalum (ppm) | 0.91 | 0.10 | 0.79 | 1.03 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Th, Thorium (ppm) | 22.7 | 1.08 | 21.7 | 23.7 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Ti, Titanium (wt.%) | 0.758 | 0.033 | 0.735 | 0.781 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Tl, Thallium (ppm) | 0.75 | 0.09 | 0.64 | 0.86 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Tm2O3, Thulium(III) oxide (ppm) | 0.49 | 0.041 | 0.45 | 0.53 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| TREO, Total Rare Earth Oxides (ppm) | 803 | 23 | 779 | 826 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| TREO+Y2O3, Total Rare Earth Oxides + Yttrium oxide (ppm) | 845 | 25 | 821 | 870 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| U, Uranium (ppm) | 3.01 | 0.158 | 2.86 | 3.17 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| V, Vanadium (ppm) | 138 | 10 | 132 | 144 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| W, Tungsten (ppm) | 3.58 | 0.301 | 3.14 | 4.02 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Y2O3, Yttrium(III) oxide (ppm) | 43.2 | 1.66 | 41.7 | 44.7 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Yb2O3, Ytterbium(III) oxide (ppm) | 3.08 | 0.178 | 2.87 | 3.29 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Zn, Zinc (ppm) | 108 | 8 | 100 | 116 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Zr, Zirconium (ppm) | 403 | 20 | 388 | 417 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Al2O3, Aluminium(III) oxide (wt.%) | 17.43 | 0.329 | 17.19 | 17.67 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| BaO, Barium oxide (wt.%) | 0.398 | 0.023 | 0.376 | 0.420 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| CaO, Calcium oxide (wt.%) | 1.85 | 0.029 | 1.82 | 1.88 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| CeO2, Cerium(IV) oxide (ppm) | 364 | 67 | 248 | 481 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Dy2O3, Dysprosium(III) oxide (ppm) | < 100 | IND | IND | IND | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Eu2O3, Europium(III) oxide (ppm) | < 100 | IND | IND | IND | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Fe2O3, Iron(III) oxide (wt.%) | 8.52 | 0.142 | 8.41 | 8.63 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Gd2O3, Gadolinium(III) oxide (ppm) | < 100 | IND | IND | IND | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Ho2O3, Holmium(III) oxide (ppm) | < 100 | IND | IND | IND | Borate Fusion XRF |
| K2O, Potassium oxide (wt.%) | 3.52 | 0.051 | 3.47 | 3.56 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| La2O3, Lanthanum(III) oxide (ppm) | 208 | 35 | 185 | 232 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Lu2O3, Lutetium(III) oxide (ppm) | < 100 | IND | IND | IND | Borate Fusion XRF |
| MgO, Magnesium oxide (wt.%) | 1.73 | 0.028 | 1.70 | 1.75 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| MnO, Manganese oxide (wt.%) | 0.068 | 0.004 | 0.064 | 0.072 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Na2O, Sodium oxide (wt.%) | 1.53 | 0.043 | 1.50 | 1.57 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| P2O5, Phosphorus(V) oxide (wt.%) | 0.562 | 0.024 | 0.542 | 0.581 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Pr6O11, Praseodymium(III,IV) oxide (ppm) | < 100 | IND | IND | IND | Borate Fusion XRF |
| SiO2, Silicon dioxide (wt.%) | 57.23 | 0.805 | 56.56 | 57.89 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Sm2O3, Samarium(III) oxide (ppm) | < 100 | IND | IND | IND | Borate Fusion XRF |
| SO3, Sulphur trioxide (wt.%) | 0.099 | 0.012 | 0.080 | 0.118 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Tb4O7, Terbium(III,IV) oxide (ppm) | < 100 | IND | IND | IND | Borate Fusion XRF |
| TiO2, Titanium dioxide (wt.%) | 1.28 | 0.027 | 1.25 | 1.30 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Tm2O3, Thulium(III) oxide (ppm) | < 100 | IND | IND | IND | Borate Fusion XRF |
| V2O5, Vanadium(V) oxide (ppm) | 255 | 40 | 214 | 296 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Yb2O3, Ytterbium(III) oxide (ppm) | < 100 | IND | IND | IND | Borate Fusion XRF |
| ZnO, Zinc oxide (ppm) | 160 | 28 | 130 | 190 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| ZrO2, Zirconium dioxide (ppm) | 510 | 50 | 382 | 638 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| LOI1000, Loss on ignition @1000 °C (wt.%) | 5.09 | 0.60 | 4.76 | 5.42 | Thermogravimetry |
| Al, Aluminium (wt.%) | 9.01 | 0.269 | 8.79 | 9.23 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Ba, Barium (wt.%) | 0.362 | 0.009 | 0.352 | 0.372 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Be, Beryllium (ppm) | 2.24 | 0.120 | 2.13 | 2.35 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Bi, Bismuth (ppm) | 0.24 | 0.016 | 0.23 | 0.26 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Ca, Calcium (wt.%) | 1.31 | 0.042 | 1.26 | 1.35 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Ce, Cerium (ppm) | 308 | 19 | 295 | 321 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Co, Cobalt (ppm) | 21.2 | 0.82 | 20.3 | 22.1 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Cr, Chromium (ppm) | 56 | 4.0 | 53 | 59 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Cs, Caesium (ppm) | 5.65 | 0.218 | 5.40 | 5.90 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Cu, Copper (ppm) | 48.5 | 1.99 | 46.8 | 50.3 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Dy, Dysprosium (ppm) | 6.98 | 0.447 | 6.66 | 7.30 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Er, Erbium (ppm) | 3.19 | 0.201 | 3.00 | 3.39 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Eu, Europium (ppm) | 4.04 | 0.301 | 3.83 | 4.25 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Fe, Iron (wt.%) | 5.76 | 0.122 | 5.59 | 5.93 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Ga, Gallium (ppm) | 23.3 | 1.18 | 22.4 | 24.3 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Gd, Gadolinium (ppm) | 12.1 | 0.88 | 11.5 | 12.7 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Hf, Hafnium (ppm) | 4.92 | 0.419 | 4.57 | 5.26 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Ho, Holmium (ppm) | 1.20 | 0.046 | 1.15 | 1.26 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| In, Indium (ppm) | 0.074 | 0.007 | 0.065 | 0.083 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| K, Potassium (wt.%) | 2.91 | 0.087 | 2.83 | 3.00 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| La, Lanthanum (ppm) | 150 | 9 | 143 | 158 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Li, Lithium (ppm) | 14.6 | 0.62 | 14.1 | 15.2 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Lu, Lutetium (ppm) | 0.39 | 0.016 | 0.37 | 0.41 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Mg, Magnesium (wt.%) | 0.987 | 0.033 | 0.955 | 1.020 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Mn, Manganese (wt.%) | 0.052 | 0.002 | 0.051 | 0.054 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Mo, Molybdenum (ppm) | 2.16 | 0.085 | 2.05 | 2.26 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Na, Sodium (wt.%) | 1.11 | 0.027 | 1.08 | 1.14 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Nb, Niobium (ppm) | 14.5 | 0.76 | 13.9 | 15.2 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Nd, Neodymium (ppm) | 121 | 9 | 114 | 127 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Ni, Nickel (ppm) | 42.3 | 1.25 | 40.9 | 43.8 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| P, Phosphorus (wt.%) | 0.246 | 0.008 | 0.237 | 0.255 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Pb, Lead (ppm) | 35.0 | 1.52 | 33.5 | 36.4 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Pr, Praseodymium (ppm) | 35.1 | 2.13 | 33.4 | 36.8 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Rb, Rubidium (ppm) | 122 | 11 | 115 | 128 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Re, Rhenium (ppm) | < 0.002 | IND | IND | IND | 4-Acid Digestion |
| S, Sulphur (wt.%) | 0.046 | 0.004 | 0.040 | 0.053 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Sb, Antimony (ppm) | 0.61 | 0.042 | 0.57 | 0.65 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Sc, Scandium (ppm) | 16.4 | 0.86 | 15.5 | 17.3 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Sm, Samarium (ppm) | 18.2 | 1.12 | 17.3 | 19.1 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Sn, Tin (ppm) | 3.43 | 0.166 | 3.25 | 3.61 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Sr, Strontium (ppm) | 691 | 18 | 669 | 712 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Ta, Tantalum (ppm) | 0.88 | 0.086 | 0.82 | 0.93 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Tb, Terbium (ppm) | 1.40 | 0.084 | 1.31 | 1.49 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Th, Thorium (ppm) | 23.3 | 1.17 | 22.1 | 24.5 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Ti, Titanium (wt.%) | 0.733 | 0.034 | 0.705 | 0.760 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Tl, Thallium (ppm) | 0.74 | 0.058 | 0.70 | 0.78 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Tm, Thulium (ppm) | 0.41 | 0.033 | 0.38 | 0.44 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| U, Uranium (ppm) | 2.80 | 0.186 | 2.65 | 2.96 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| V, Vanadium (ppm) | 135 | 5 | 130 | 140 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| W, Tungsten (ppm) | 3.27 | 0.161 | 3.09 | 3.45 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Y, Yttrium (ppm) | 32.1 | 2.92 | 30.2 | 33.9 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Yb, Ytterbium (ppm) | 2.56 | 0.142 | 2.41 | 2.70 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Zn, Zinc (ppm) | 105 | 4 | 102 | 109 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Zr, Zirconium (ppm) | 205 | 16 | 196 | 215 | 4-Acid Digestion |