Specifications
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CRM State:
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Matrix:
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Mineralisation:
OREAS 473 is a certified reference material (CRM) produced from a blend of
clay-hosted rare earth element (REE) ores and barren kaolin. The REE-bearing
ores were sourced from the Jupiter deposit in the Laverton region of Western
Australia.
Mineralisation occurs within a deeply weathered regolith developed
over an underlying carbonatite–alkaline volcanic sequence. Supergene processes
have resulted in enrichment of total rare earth oxides (TREO), including a
significant proportion of magnet rare earth oxides (MREO), notably neodymium and
praseodymium, with subordinate dysprosium and terbium. The CRM matrix is
quartz-rich and comprises abundant mica–illite and kaolinite-group clays, with
additional smectite/vermiculite-type clay minerals. Minor iron oxides (goethite
and magnetite), traces of hematite and anatase are present as accessory phases.
Rare earth elements are interpreted to occur predominantly within fine-grained
secondary phases associated with the clay fraction.
Twenty-nine commercial analytical laboratories participated in the program to certify the elements reported below using the following methods:
Homogeneity was evaluated using 12 subsamples analysed by oxidising fusion with lithium borate fusion with ICP-MS finish. ANOVA was applied to duplicates from six test units to compare within- and between-unit variances, providing a statistical measure of batch homogeneity.
| Analyte | Certified Value | 1SD | Expanded Uncertainty Low | Expanded Uncertainty High | Method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dy2O3, Dysprosium(III) oxide (ppm) | 12.0 | 0.66 | 11.3 | 12.6 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Nd2O3, Neodymium(III) oxide (ppm) | 242 | 11 | 232 | 252 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Pr6O11, Praseodymium(III,IV) oxide (ppm) | 71 | 2.3 | 69 | 74 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Tb4O7, Terbium(III,IV) oxide (ppm) | 2.56 | 0.135 | 2.41 | 2.71 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Al2O3, Aluminium(III) oxide (wt.%) | 22.95 | 0.730 | 22.40 | 23.50 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Ba, Barium (wt.%) | 0.405 | 0.012 | 0.393 | 0.417 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Be, Beryllium (ppm) | 3.11 | 0.233 | 2.88 | 3.34 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Bi, Bismuth (ppm) | 0.43 | 0.05 | 0.35 | 0.51 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| CaO, Calcium oxide (wt.%) | 0.911 | 0.050 | 0.851 | 0.971 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| CeO2, Cerium(IV) oxide (ppm) | 655 | 23 | 633 | 677 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Co, Cobalt (ppm) | 15.8 | 0.72 | 14.7 | 16.9 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Cr, Chromium (ppm) | 66 | 4.1 | 62 | 70 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Cs, Caesium (ppm) | 10.7 | 0.55 | 10.1 | 11.3 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Cu, Copper (ppm) | 65 | 10 | 54 | 76 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Er2O3, Erbium(III) oxide (ppm) | 5.44 | 0.213 | 5.14 | 5.73 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Eu2O3, Europium(III) oxide (ppm) | 7.34 | 0.414 | 6.99 | 7.69 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Fe2O3, Iron(III) oxide (wt.%) | 10.02 | 0.226 | 9.77 | 10.26 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Ga, Gallium (ppm) | 30.9 | 1.93 | 28.8 | 32.9 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Gd2O3, Gadolinium(III) oxide (ppm) | 21.9 | 1.37 | 21.0 | 22.7 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Hf, Hafnium (ppm) | 12.4 | 0.50 | 11.8 | 13.1 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Ho2O3, Holmium(III) oxide (ppm) | 2.09 | 0.100 | 1.98 | 2.20 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| In, Indium (ppm) | < 0.20 | IND | IND | IND | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| K2O, Potassium oxide (wt.%) | 3.66 | 0.090 | 3.56 | 3.75 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| La2O3, Lanthanum(III) oxide (ppm) | 306 | 11 | 298 | 315 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Li, Lithium (ppm) | 17.3 | 1.22 | 15.9 | 18.8 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Lu2O3, Lutetium(III) oxide (ppm) | 0.66 | 0.045 | 0.60 | 0.73 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| MgO, Magnesium oxide (wt.%) | 1.33 | 0.043 | 1.30 | 1.37 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| MnO, Manganese oxide (wt.%) | 0.058 | 0.002 | 0.056 | 0.060 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Mo, Molybdenum (ppm) | 2.19 | 0.33 | 1.94 | 2.43 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Na2O, Sodium oxide (wt.%) | 0.937 | 0.027 | 0.902 | 0.971 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Nb, Niobium (ppm) | 20.3 | 1.80 | 19.0 | 21.5 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Ni, Nickel (ppm) | 38.7 | 4.4 | 31.9 | 45.4 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| P2O5, Phosphorus(V) oxide (wt.%) | 0.614 | 0.025 | 0.587 | 0.640 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Pb, Lead (ppm) | 48.0 | 3.08 | 45.0 | 51.0 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Rb, Rubidium (ppm) | 147 | 6 | 142 | 152 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| S, Sulphur (wt.%) | 0.048 | 0.008 | 0.033 | 0.063 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Sb, Antimony (ppm) | 1.20 | 0.20 | 0.96 | 1.44 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Sc, Scandium (ppm) | 22.3 | 1.65 | 20.9 | 23.8 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| SiO2, Silicon dioxide (wt.%) | 48.96 | 1.469 | 47.28 | 50.64 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Sm2O3, Samarium(III) oxide (ppm) | 34.9 | 1.34 | 33.7 | 36.2 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Sn, Tin (ppm) | 5.06 | 0.56 | 4.41 | 5.71 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Sr, Strontium (ppm) | 727 | 31 | 704 | 750 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Ta, Tantalum (ppm) | 1.22 | 0.120 | 1.08 | 1.36 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Th, Thorium (ppm) | 30.7 | 1.42 | 29.4 | 31.9 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Ti, Titanium (wt.%) | 1.06 | 0.057 | 1.01 | 1.10 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Tl, Thallium (ppm) | 0.88 | 0.076 | 0.76 | 1.00 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Tm2O3, Thulium(III) oxide (ppm) | 0.73 | 0.042 | 0.66 | 0.80 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| TREO, Total Rare Earth Oxides (ppm) | 1373 | 28 | 1331 | 1415 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| TREO+Y2O3, Total Rare Earth Oxides + Yttrium oxide (ppm) | 1433 | 36 | 1393 | 1473 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| U, Uranium (ppm) | 3.90 | 0.184 | 3.70 | 4.09 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| V, Vanadium (ppm) | 175 | 15 | 164 | 186 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| W, Tungsten (ppm) | 4.66 | 0.397 | 4.04 | 5.27 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Y2O3, Yttrium(III) oxide (ppm) | 64 | 2.7 | 62 | 67 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Yb2O3, Ytterbium(III) oxide (ppm) | 4.47 | 0.177 | 4.22 | 4.73 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Zn, Zinc (ppm) | 110 | 7 | 101 | 118 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Zr, Zirconium (ppm) | 520 | 29 | 499 | 541 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Al2O3, Aluminium(III) oxide (wt.%) | 22.92 | 0.386 | 22.60 | 23.24 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| BaO, Barium oxide (wt.%) | 0.448 | 0.024 | 0.426 | 0.469 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| CaO, Calcium oxide (wt.%) | 0.915 | 0.026 | 0.895 | 0.936 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| CeO2, Cerium(IV) oxide (ppm) | 664 | 73 | 600 | 728 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Dy2O3, Dysprosium(III) oxide (ppm) | < 100 | IND | IND | IND | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Eu2O3, Europium(III) oxide (ppm) | < 100 | IND | IND | IND | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Fe2O3, Iron(III) oxide (wt.%) | 10.10 | 0.171 | 9.97 | 10.23 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Gd2O3, Gadolinium(III) oxide (ppm) | 74 | 68 | 23 | 126 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Ho2O3, Holmium(III) oxide (ppm) | < 100 | IND | IND | IND | Borate Fusion XRF |
| K2O, Potassium oxide (wt.%) | 3.63 | 0.052 | 3.59 | 3.68 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| La2O3, Lanthanum(III) oxide (ppm) | 344 | 57 | 251 | 437 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Lu2O3, Lutetium(III) oxide (ppm) | < 100 | IND | IND | IND | Borate Fusion XRF |
| MgO, Magnesium oxide (wt.%) | 1.34 | 0.022 | 1.31 | 1.36 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| MnO, Manganese oxide (wt.%) | 0.056 | 0.006 | 0.050 | 0.062 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Na2O, Sodium oxide (wt.%) | 0.952 | 0.055 | 0.909 | 0.994 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| P2O5, Phosphorus(V) oxide (wt.%) | 0.617 | 0.025 | 0.596 | 0.637 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Pr6O11, Praseodymium(III,IV) oxide (ppm) | 85 | 19 | 63 | 107 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| SiO2, Silicon dioxide (wt.%) | 48.36 | 0.851 | 47.68 | 49.05 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Sm2O3, Samarium(III) oxide (ppm) | < 100 | IND | IND | IND | Borate Fusion XRF |
| SO3, Sulphur trioxide (wt.%) | 0.093 | 0.010 | 0.079 | 0.107 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Tb4O7, Terbium(III,IV) oxide (ppm) | < 100 | IND | IND | IND | Borate Fusion XRF |
| TiO2, Titanium dioxide (wt.%) | 1.76 | 0.037 | 1.73 | 1.79 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Tm2O3, Thulium(III) oxide (ppm) | < 100 | IND | IND | IND | Borate Fusion XRF |
| V2O5, Vanadium(V) oxide (ppm) | 316 | 53 | 258 | 375 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Yb2O3, Ytterbium(III) oxide (ppm) | < 100 | IND | IND | IND | Borate Fusion XRF |
| ZnO, Zinc oxide (ppm) | 153 | 33 | 118 | 189 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| ZrO2, Zirconium dioxide (ppm) | 670 | 46 | 610 | 730 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| LOI1000, Loss on ignition @1000 °C (wt.%) | 7.68 | 0.577 | 7.35 | 8.02 | Thermogravimetry |
| Al, Aluminium (wt.%) | 11.64 | 0.467 | 11.17 | 12.11 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Ba, Barium (wt.%) | 0.407 | 0.009 | 0.395 | 0.418 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Be, Beryllium (ppm) | 2.97 | 0.159 | 2.83 | 3.11 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Bi, Bismuth (ppm) | 0.40 | 0.025 | 0.38 | 0.43 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Ca, Calcium (wt.%) | 0.638 | 0.027 | 0.615 | 0.662 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Ce, Cerium (ppm) | 512 | 38 | 486 | 538 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Co, Cobalt (ppm) | 15.8 | 0.77 | 15.2 | 16.4 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Cr, Chromium (ppm) | 56 | 4.6 | 53 | 59 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Cs, Caesium (ppm) | 10.5 | 0.54 | 10.0 | 11.0 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Cu, Copper (ppm) | 61 | 2.3 | 59 | 63 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Dy, Dysprosium (ppm) | 10.1 | 0.66 | 9.6 | 10.6 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Er, Erbium (ppm) | 4.58 | 0.332 | 4.31 | 4.86 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Eu, Europium (ppm) | 6.13 | 0.361 | 5.78 | 6.48 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Fe, Iron (wt.%) | 6.78 | 0.214 | 6.59 | 6.98 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Ga, Gallium (ppm) | 31.1 | 1.99 | 29.5 | 32.7 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Gd, Gadolinium (ppm) | 18.7 | 2.3 | 17.3 | 20.1 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Hf, Hafnium (ppm) | 5.90 | 0.512 | 5.49 | 6.31 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Ho, Holmium (ppm) | 1.71 | 0.125 | 1.59 | 1.83 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| In, Indium (ppm) | 0.10 | 0.006 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| K, Potassium (wt.%) | 2.96 | 0.114 | 2.84 | 3.07 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| La, Lanthanum (ppm) | 241 | 37 | 222 | 260 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Li, Lithium (ppm) | 16.8 | 0.58 | 16.2 | 17.4 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Lu, Lutetium (ppm) | 0.53 | 0.043 | 0.49 | 0.57 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Mg, Magnesium (wt.%) | 0.742 | 0.036 | 0.709 | 0.774 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Mn, Manganese (wt.%) | 0.042 | 0.002 | 0.041 | 0.044 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Mo, Molybdenum (ppm) | 2.25 | 0.097 | 2.10 | 2.39 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Na, Sodium (wt.%) | 0.695 | 0.024 | 0.674 | 0.716 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Nb, Niobium (ppm) | 19.3 | 1.16 | 18.3 | 20.3 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Nd, Neodymium (ppm) | 202 | 21 | 185 | 219 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Ni, Nickel (ppm) | 38.2 | 1.31 | 36.8 | 39.5 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| P, Phosphorus (wt.%) | 0.268 | 0.011 | 0.257 | 0.278 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Pb, Lead (ppm) | 47.2 | 2.17 | 45.2 | 49.2 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Pr, Praseodymium (ppm) | 58 | 4.5 | 54 | 62 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Rb, Rubidium (ppm) | 141 | 13 | 128 | 154 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Re, Rhenium (ppm) | < 0.002 | IND | IND | IND | 4-Acid Digestion |
| S, Sulphur (wt.%) | 0.041 | 0.002 | 0.039 | 0.043 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Sb, Antimony (ppm) | 1.26 | 0.067 | 1.19 | 1.33 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Sc, Scandium (ppm) | 21.4 | 1.29 | 20.5 | 22.3 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Sm, Samarium (ppm) | 29.4 | 1.46 | 27.8 | 31.0 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Sn, Tin (ppm) | 4.74 | 0.200 | 4.51 | 4.98 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Sr, Strontium (ppm) | 701 | 30 | 673 | 730 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Ta, Tantalum (ppm) | 1.09 | 0.093 | 1.02 | 1.16 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Tb, Terbium (ppm) | 2.07 | 0.174 | 1.92 | 2.22 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Th, Thorium (ppm) | 30.1 | 2.93 | 27.6 | 32.5 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Ti, Titanium (wt.%) | 0.976 | 0.065 | 0.934 | 1.017 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Tl, Thallium (ppm) | 0.85 | 0.077 | 0.80 | 0.90 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Tm, Thulium (ppm) | 0.59 | 0.051 | 0.55 | 0.63 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| U, Uranium (ppm) | 3.58 | 0.235 | 3.37 | 3.79 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| V, Vanadium (ppm) | 169 | 8 | 162 | 176 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| W, Tungsten (ppm) | 4.17 | 0.243 | 3.92 | 4.42 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Y, Yttrium (ppm) | 46.0 | 4.7 | 43.4 | 48.7 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Yb, Ytterbium (ppm) | 3.66 | 0.251 | 3.42 | 3.90 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Zn, Zinc (ppm) | 107 | 3 | 103 | 110 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Zr, Zirconium (ppm) | 244 | 21 | 229 | 258 | 4-Acid Digestion |