Specifications
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CRM State:
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Matrix:
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Mineralisation:
OREAS 474 is a certified reference material (CRM) produced from a blend of
clay-hosted rare earth element (REE) ores and barren kaolin. The REE-bearing
ores were sourced from the Jupiter deposit in the Laverton region of Western
Australia.
Mineralisation occurs within a deeply weathered regolith developed
over an underlying carbonatite–alkaline volcanic sequence. Supergene processes
have resulted in enrichment of total rare earth oxides (TREO), including a
significant proportion of magnet rare earth oxides (MREO), notably neodymium and
praseodymium, with subordinate dysprosium and terbium. The CRM matrix is
quartz-rich and comprises abundant mica–illite and kaolinite-group clays, with
additional smectite/vermiculite-type clay minerals. Minor iron oxides (goethite
and magnetite), traces of hematite and anatase are present as accessory phases.
Rare earth elements are interpreted to occur predominantly within fine-grained
secondary phases associated with the clay fraction.
Twenty-nine commercial analytical laboratories participated in the program to certify the elements reported below using the following methods:
Homogeneity was evaluated using 12 subsamples analysed by oxidising fusion with lithium borate fusion with ICP-MS finish. ANOVA was applied to duplicates from six test units to compare within- and between-unit variances, providing a statistical measure of batch homogeneity.
| Analyte | Certified Value | 1SD | Expanded Uncertainty Low | Expanded Uncertainty High | Method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dy2O3, Dysprosium(III) oxide (ppm) | 15.6 | 0.76 | 15.0 | 16.3 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Nd2O3, Neodymium(III) oxide (ppm) | 348 | 14 | 336 | 360 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Pr6O11, Praseodymium(III,IV) oxide (ppm) | 102 | 3 | 99 | 104 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Tb4O7, Terbium(III,IV) oxide (ppm) | 3.42 | 0.191 | 3.25 | 3.59 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Al2O3, Aluminium(III) oxide (wt.%) | 24.15 | 0.793 | 23.37 | 24.94 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Ba, Barium (wt.%) | 0.446 | 0.015 | 0.434 | 0.458 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Be, Beryllium (ppm) | 3.16 | 0.42 | 2.26 | 4.06 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Bi, Bismuth (ppm) | 0.42 | 0.05 | 0.33 | 0.50 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| CaO, Calcium oxide (wt.%) | 0.467 | 0.039 | 0.441 | 0.493 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| CeO2, Cerium(IV) oxide (ppm) | 931 | 33 | 900 | 961 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Co, Cobalt (ppm) | 13.4 | 0.87 | 12.8 | 14.1 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Cr, Chromium (ppm) | 68 | 6.3 | 61 | 75 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Cs, Caesium (ppm) | 9.53 | 0.440 | 9.06 | 9.99 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Cu, Copper (ppm) | 70 | 11 | 59 | 80 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Er2O3, Erbium(III) oxide (ppm) | 6.97 | 0.311 | 6.66 | 7.27 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Eu2O3, Europium(III) oxide (ppm) | 10.2 | 0.49 | 9.6 | 10.7 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Fe2O3, Iron(III) oxide (wt.%) | 10.79 | 0.175 | 10.61 | 10.97 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Ga, Gallium (ppm) | 33.6 | 3.05 | 31.2 | 36.0 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Gd2O3, Gadolinium(III) oxide (ppm) | 29.3 | 1.70 | 28.0 | 30.5 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Hf, Hafnium (ppm) | 13.1 | 0.61 | 12.3 | 13.8 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Ho2O3, Holmium(III) oxide (ppm) | 2.66 | 0.147 | 2.51 | 2.81 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| In, Indium (ppm) | < 0.20 | IND | IND | IND | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| K2O, Potassium oxide (wt.%) | 3.14 | 0.057 | 3.07 | 3.21 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| La2O3, Lanthanum(III) oxide (ppm) | 428 | 17 | 416 | 440 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Li, Lithium (ppm) | 16.7 | 1.7 | 14.6 | 18.9 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Lu2O3, Lutetium(III) oxide (ppm) | 0.79 | 0.047 | 0.73 | 0.85 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| MgO, Magnesium oxide (wt.%) | 0.992 | 0.038 | 0.966 | 1.019 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| MnO, Manganese oxide (wt.%) | 0.058 | 0.002 | 0.056 | 0.060 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Mo, Molybdenum (ppm) | 2.05 | 0.089 | 1.95 | 2.14 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Na2O, Sodium oxide (wt.%) | 0.632 | 0.028 | 0.607 | 0.657 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Nb, Niobium (ppm) | 20.9 | 1.93 | 19.2 | 22.6 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Ni, Nickel (ppm) | 39.0 | 6.0 | 32.0 | 46.0 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| P2O5, Phosphorus(V) oxide (wt.%) | 0.678 | 0.025 | 0.656 | 0.700 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Pb, Lead (ppm) | 52 | 2.5 | 49 | 54 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Rb, Rubidium (ppm) | 132 | 6 | 127 | 136 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| S, Sulphur (wt.%) | 0.040 | 0.011 | 0.025 | 0.056 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Sb, Antimony (ppm) | 1.04 | 0.16 | 0.79 | 1.29 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Sc, Scandium (ppm) | 24.5 | 2.21 | 22.7 | 26.3 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| SiO2, Silicon dioxide (wt.%) | 47.14 | 1.076 | 46.29 | 48.00 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Sm2O3, Samarium(III) oxide (ppm) | 48.6 | 2.22 | 46.3 | 50.9 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Sn, Tin (ppm) | 5.15 | 0.444 | 4.40 | 5.91 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Sr, Strontium (ppm) | 773 | 20 | 748 | 799 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Ta, Tantalum (ppm) | 1.25 | 0.117 | 1.15 | 1.35 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Th, Thorium (ppm) | 32.8 | 1.60 | 31.6 | 34.0 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Ti, Titanium (wt.%) | 1.17 | 0.067 | 1.12 | 1.21 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Tl, Thallium (ppm) | 0.77 | 0.13 | 0.64 | 0.89 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Tm2O3, Thulium(III) oxide (ppm) | 0.93 | 0.049 | 0.86 | 1.00 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| TREO, Total Rare Earth Oxides (ppm) | 1930 | 73 | 1872 | 1988 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| TREO+Y2O3, Total Rare Earth Oxides + Yttrium oxide (ppm) | 2009 | 73 | 1948 | 2069 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| U, Uranium (ppm) | 4.13 | 0.178 | 3.98 | 4.28 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| V, Vanadium (ppm) | 184 | 17 | 173 | 195 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| W, Tungsten (ppm) | 5.19 | 0.486 | 4.62 | 5.77 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Y2O3, Yttrium(III) oxide (ppm) | 81 | 3.6 | 77 | 84 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Yb2O3, Ytterbium(III) oxide (ppm) | 5.67 | 0.270 | 5.38 | 5.96 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Zn, Zinc (ppm) | 105 | 7 | 95 | 115 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Zr, Zirconium (ppm) | 544 | 39 | 520 | 568 | Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP |
| Al2O3, Aluminium(III) oxide (wt.%) | 24.19 | 0.386 | 23.85 | 24.53 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| BaO, Barium oxide (wt.%) | 0.494 | 0.030 | 0.468 | 0.521 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| CaO, Calcium oxide (wt.%) | 0.461 | 0.015 | 0.448 | 0.473 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| CeO2, Cerium(IV) oxide (ppm) | 916 | 104 | 805 | 1027 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Dy2O3, Dysprosium(III) oxide (ppm) | < 100 | IND | IND | IND | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Eu2O3, Europium(III) oxide (ppm) | < 100 | IND | IND | IND | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Fe2O3, Iron(III) oxide (wt.%) | 10.84 | 0.207 | 10.67 | 11.00 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Gd2O3, Gadolinium(III) oxide (ppm) | 76 | 66 | 23 | 129 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Ho2O3, Holmium(III) oxide (ppm) | < 100 | IND | IND | IND | Borate Fusion XRF |
| K2O, Potassium oxide (wt.%) | 3.12 | 0.048 | 3.08 | 3.16 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| La2O3, Lanthanum(III) oxide (ppm) | 473 | 47 | 431 | 516 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Lu2O3, Lutetium(III) oxide (ppm) | < 100 | IND | IND | IND | Borate Fusion XRF |
| MgO, Magnesium oxide (wt.%) | 1.00 | 0.014 | 0.99 | 1.02 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| MnO, Manganese oxide (wt.%) | 0.054 | 0.005 | 0.045 | 0.063 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Na2O, Sodium oxide (wt.%) | 0.618 | 0.036 | 0.587 | 0.650 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| P2O5, Phosphorus(V) oxide (wt.%) | 0.677 | 0.029 | 0.654 | 0.699 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| SiO2, Silicon dioxide (wt.%) | 46.46 | 0.739 | 45.89 | 47.03 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Sm2O3, Samarium(III) oxide (ppm) | < 100 | IND | IND | IND | Borate Fusion XRF |
| SO3, Sulphur trioxide (wt.%) | 0.094 | 0.005 | 0.081 | 0.107 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Tb4O7, Terbium(III,IV) oxide (ppm) | < 100 | IND | IND | IND | Borate Fusion XRF |
| TiO2, Titanium dioxide (wt.%) | 1.94 | 0.034 | 1.90 | 1.97 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Tm2O3, Thulium(III) oxide (ppm) | < 100 | IND | IND | IND | Borate Fusion XRF |
| V2O5, Vanadium(V) oxide (ppm) | 328 | 57 | 262 | 393 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| Yb2O3, Ytterbium(III) oxide (ppm) | < 100 | IND | IND | IND | Borate Fusion XRF |
| ZnO, Zinc oxide (ppm) | 138 | 31 | 110 | 166 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| ZrO2, Zirconium dioxide (ppm) | 703 | 56 | 620 | 786 | Borate Fusion XRF |
| LOI1000, Loss on ignition @1000 °C (wt.%) | 8.81 | 0.566 | 8.48 | 9.14 | Thermogravimetry |
| Al, Aluminium (wt.%) | 12.28 | 0.473 | 11.92 | 12.64 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Ba, Barium (wt.%) | 0.446 | 0.011 | 0.435 | 0.458 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Be, Beryllium (ppm) | 3.25 | 0.232 | 3.08 | 3.43 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Bi, Bismuth (ppm) | 0.40 | 0.033 | 0.38 | 0.42 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Ca, Calcium (wt.%) | 0.331 | 0.018 | 0.318 | 0.343 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Ce, Cerium (ppm) | 734 | 51 | 700 | 769 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Co, Cobalt (ppm) | 14.0 | 0.66 | 13.4 | 14.6 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Cr, Chromium (ppm) | 57 | 4.1 | 54 | 59 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Cs, Caesium (ppm) | 9.46 | 0.459 | 8.96 | 9.95 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Cu, Copper (ppm) | 67 | 2.0 | 65 | 68 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Dy, Dysprosium (ppm) | 13.6 | 0.74 | 12.9 | 14.2 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Er, Erbium (ppm) | 6.11 | 0.413 | 5.78 | 6.43 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Eu, Europium (ppm) | 8.60 | 0.495 | 8.12 | 9.07 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Fe, Iron (wt.%) | 7.36 | 0.158 | 7.16 | 7.57 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Ga, Gallium (ppm) | 33.6 | 2.48 | 32.1 | 35.1 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Gd, Gadolinium (ppm) | 25.8 | 3.3 | 24.0 | 27.6 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Hf, Hafnium (ppm) | 6.06 | 0.574 | 5.66 | 6.47 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Ho, Holmium (ppm) | 2.29 | 0.149 | 2.17 | 2.41 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| In, Indium (ppm) | 0.11 | 0.007 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| K, Potassium (wt.%) | 2.54 | 0.092 | 2.45 | 2.62 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| La, Lanthanum (ppm) | 338 | 39 | 313 | 363 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Li, Lithium (ppm) | 16.2 | 0.51 | 15.7 | 16.7 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Lu, Lutetium (ppm) | 0.66 | 0.062 | 0.62 | 0.71 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Mg, Magnesium (wt.%) | 0.554 | 0.041 | 0.527 | 0.580 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Mn, Manganese (wt.%) | 0.042 | 0.002 | 0.041 | 0.044 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Mo, Molybdenum (ppm) | 2.19 | 0.094 | 2.09 | 2.29 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Na, Sodium (wt.%) | 0.460 | 0.019 | 0.445 | 0.475 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Nb, Niobium (ppm) | 20.8 | 0.94 | 20.0 | 21.6 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Nd, Neodymium (ppm) | 289 | 27 | 270 | 309 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Ni, Nickel (ppm) | 37.5 | 1.22 | 36.3 | 38.8 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| P, Phosphorus (wt.%) | 0.292 | 0.011 | 0.281 | 0.302 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Pb, Lead (ppm) | 51 | 2.0 | 49 | 53 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Pr, Praseodymium (ppm) | 84 | 6.8 | 78 | 89 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Rb, Rubidium (ppm) | 130 | 10 | 122 | 139 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Re, Rhenium (ppm) | < 0.002 | IND | IND | IND | 4-Acid Digestion |
| S, Sulphur (wt.%) | 0.040 | 0.002 | 0.039 | 0.041 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Sb, Antimony (ppm) | 1.05 | 0.058 | 0.98 | 1.12 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Sc, Scandium (ppm) | 23.3 | 1.23 | 22.4 | 24.3 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Sm, Samarium (ppm) | 41.3 | 2.92 | 39.0 | 43.6 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Sn, Tin (ppm) | 4.79 | 0.194 | 4.56 | 5.01 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Sr, Strontium (ppm) | 748 | 31 | 722 | 775 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Ta, Tantalum (ppm) | 1.18 | 0.111 | 1.10 | 1.27 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Tb, Terbium (ppm) | 2.81 | 0.31 | 2.62 | 3.00 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Th, Thorium (ppm) | 33.2 | 3.25 | 31.2 | 35.2 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Ti, Titanium (wt.%) | 1.07 | 0.083 | 1.02 | 1.12 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Tl, Thallium (ppm) | 0.82 | 0.053 | 0.78 | 0.87 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Tm, Thulium (ppm) | 0.77 | 0.072 | 0.72 | 0.82 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| U, Uranium (ppm) | 3.88 | 0.239 | 3.68 | 4.07 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| V, Vanadium (ppm) | 177 | 8 | 171 | 183 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| W, Tungsten (ppm) | 4.67 | 0.315 | 4.41 | 4.94 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Y, Yttrium (ppm) | 59 | 6 | 55 | 63 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Yb, Ytterbium (ppm) | 4.74 | 0.327 | 4.50 | 4.97 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Zn, Zinc (ppm) | 102 | 4 | 99 | 105 | 4-Acid Digestion |
| Zr, Zirconium (ppm) | 255 | 22 | 241 | 269 | 4-Acid Digestion |